نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
نویسنده
عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شهر کرد
چکیده
نظریه‌پردازان حوزه حقوق مالکیت معنوی، همواره بر طبیعت خاص موضوعات مالکیت معنوی و اختلافات مربوط به آنها، تکیه نموده و بر ضرورت پیش‌بینی و تعبیه مکانیزم‌های قضایی و غیرقضایی ویژه این‌گونه موضوعات، تأکید ورزیده‌اند. ایجاد دادگاه‌های تخصصی مالکیت معنوی را باید نتیجه همین امر تلقی نمود.
بررسی‌ها حاکی از ایجاد و شکل‌گیری احساس ضرورت و تمایل وافر در بیشتر سیستم‌های ملّی در جهت ایجاد محاکم مذکور است. با وجود این اگرچه ایجاد محاکم تخصصی در حوزه حقوق مالکیت معنوی ابتکاری بدیع و گامی مؤثر در جهت حمایت از حقوق مذکور می‌باشد، محاکم مذکور در کنار تمام مزایایی که دارند از معایبی نیز برخوردارند. در عین حال ایجاد محاکم تخصصی با موانع جدّی روبه‌رو است که بدون رفع آنها محاکم مذکور را یا نمی‌توان اساساً ایجاد نمود یا در صورت ایجاد، وجود آنها را نمی‌توان در جهت حمایت از حقوق مالکیت معنوی چندان مؤثر تلقی کرد. بنابراین ضروری است کشورها قبل از ایجاد محاکم تخصصی مالکیت معنوی، شرایط لازم را بررسی نموده و مزایا و معایب آنها را با توّجه به موقعیت خود بسنجند، تا از ایجاد زود هنگام و شتابزده محاکم مذکور که نه تنها موجب حمایت از حقوق مالکیت معنوی نمی‌گردد، بلکه آسیب‌های جدّی نیز بدنبال دارد، خوداری نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Survey on Specialized Intellectual Property Courts (SIPC)
نویسنده [English]
- Leila Raeisi
Faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord
چکیده [English]
Although neither the WIPO nor the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) requires specialized IP courts, some States have created specialized IP courts as the most appropriate way to implement their duties under international IP instruments. The specialized IP courts have privileges such as better understanding of IP issues by judges, establishment of rules and procedures that are unique to IP issues in nature, i.e. appoint associate judges or assessors to assist and provide technical knowledge, reduced risk of judicial errors, which contributes to the effectiveness of the administration of justice. Of course they have defects also. To help more efficient and effective enforcement of IP rights by specialized IP courts, there are basic questions which must be answered before setting up any specialized IP court. For example, do problems in the
officials also benefit from aforementioned immunities while performing the tasks within the sphere of their discretions and authority. Notwithstanding the above, no ranking official may invoke such immunities to evade persecution for acts which amount to serious breach of international law such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Imunities
- High Ranking Political Authorities
- Geneva Conventions
- Head of State
- Head of Governemen
- Foreign Minister
- Genocide
- War Crimes
- Crimes Against Humanity
منابع
الف- فارسی
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ب – لاتین
- پورنوری، دکتر، منصور، حقوق مالکیت معنوی در دادگاه علامت تجاری و اختراعات، نشر مهد حقوق، 1383.
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