Data-driven concentrations, through the extensive aggregation of data and the development of data-based advantages for the parties, create sustainable competitive advantages that intensify barriers to entry and strengthen the parties’ market power. These characteristics cannot be identified by traditional assessment methods based on market shares and financial indicators. In addressing the competitive challenges of data-driven concentrations, redefining substantive criteria and expanding the scope of scrutiny constitute effective tools for mitigating their anti-competitive effects. In contrast, Iranian competition law lacks analytical mechanisms for assessing data-driven market power and controlling the long-term consequences of such practices. Consequently, these concentrations may lead to the consolidation of market power and the restriction of competition without adequate assessment. The findings of this study indicate that effective approaches to data-driven concentrations require recognising the independent role of data, considering data markets, developing indicators of informational power, enhancing relevant infrastructures, and providing appropriate behavioural and structural commitments.