نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیاردانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

با ظهورحقوق اقتصادی و فلسفه نفع گرایی درحقوق خصوصی، مسائل و مشکلات جدیدی درمحافل علمی- حقوقی مطرح شده است. این مقا له در پی آن است تا آثار حقوق اقتصادی و نفع گرایی را در حقوق بین الملل خصوصی، ارزیابی کند. از آن جا که اصولاٌ نظام حل تعارض قوانین مبتنی بر اصل بی طرفی نسبت به ملاحظات سیاسی و اجتماعی است، ظهور انواع مقررات عمومی و این نظر که حقوق خصوصی می­تواند به عنوان ابزاری برای اجرای سیاست­های عمومی و عدالت اجتماعی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد، نظام حل تعارض قوانین را با چالش رو به رو می­کند. در پاسخ به این تحولات و با توجه به تغییراتی که در جامعه جهانی به وجود آمده است، این مقاله ضمن نقد و بررسی نظام­های متداول حل تعارض قوانین، تلاش خواهد کرد به یک راه حل جامع و منصفانه دست یابد. این مقاله با تکیه بر تمایز بین عدالت توزیعی و عدالت اصلاحی در روابط داخلی و بین­المللی، بر این نکته تأکید دارد که حوزه بین­الملل خصوصی بایستی از ملاحظات عدالت توزیعی و منفعت عمومی عاری باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Utilitarianism in Private International Law

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahmood Bagheri

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

The paper investigates the private international law implications of national regulatory laws and welfarism in contract and tort law. The emergence of various forms of regulatory laws, and the idea that contract and tort law are mechanisms for implementation of distributive justice and welfare values, present a challenge to conventional conflict of laws theories. As a response to such developments and given the changes that global society is undergoing, national conflict of laws system have responded in different ways. This paper, while discussing and evaluating the most famous conflict of laws systems, tries to offer a more balanced and comprehensive picture. The paper adheres to a distinction between corrective and distributive justice for both national and international private interactions. As much as rules of contract and tort law should not be utilised to achieve welfare values and distributive justice, in an international context the domains of corrective and distributive justice should a fortiori remain distinct. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Private International Law
  • Corrective and Distributive Justice
  • Private law
  • Utilitarianism
  • Theories of Rights
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