بیانیة امضایی رئیس‌جمهور در حقـوق ایالات متحدة آمریکـا

کلکلی, الیاس; تقی‌زاده, جواد; نجابت‌خواه, مرتضی

doi:10.22096/law.2018.31934

بیانیة امضایی رئیس‌جمهور در حقـوق ایالات متحدة آمریکـا

نویسندگان

الیاس کلکلی ¹

جواد تقی‌زاده ²

مرتضی نجابت‌خواه ²

¹ دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق عمومی دانشگاه مازندران

² دانشیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه مازندران

10.22096/law.2018.31934

چکیده

رئیس‌جمهوری آمریکا به ضمیمة مصوبه‌ای که به قانون تبدیل شده یا می‌شود، معمولاً اعلامیه یا بیانیه‌ای صادر می‌کند که به آن بیانیة امضایی می‌گویند. بیانیة امضایی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای در نظم اساسی آمریکا برخوردار است؛ زیرا دیوان عالی و دادگاه‌های فدرال از آن به عنوان منبعی برای صدور حکم استفاده می‌کنند. بیانیه‌های امضایی به سه نوع؛ بلاغی، تفسیری و اساسی تقسیم می‌گردند که می‌توانند به عنوان ابزاری فرعی و کمک کننده برای دیگر قوا و نهادهای ذی‌نفع در جهت فهم صحیح قانون و صیانت از قانون اساسی مؤثر باشند. بحث‌هایی دربارة اساسی بودن استفاده از بیانیة امضایی وجود دارد؛ ولی به این دلیل که در قانون اساسی در مورد اعمال یا عدم اعمال آن صراحتی وجود ندارد، رؤسای جمهور از آن به عنوان ابزاری بلاغی، تفسیری و اساسی استفاده می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیانیة امضایی

وتوی قوانین

رئیس‌جمهور

قانون اساسی

ایالات متحدة آمریکا

عنوان مقاله English

The Signing Statement Issued by the President in the U.S. Legal System

نویسندگان English

Elyas Kalkali ¹

Javad Taghizadeh ²

Morteza Nejabatkhah ²

¹ MA Graduate in Public Law, University of Mazandaran

² Associate Professor of Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran

چکیده English

A “signing statement” is a written pronouncement issued by the President of the United States upon the signing of a bill into law. The signing statement has a particular importance in the US constitutional order because the Supreme Court and Federal Courts have useditasa source to issue judicial verdicts. Signing statements are grouped into three categories: Rhetorical, Interpretive and Constitutional statements. The signing statement can be used as a subsidiary and helpful tool for other powers and relative bodies for a valid understanding of ordinary law and protect the Constitution. There are debates about whether a signing statement is lawful and in compliance with the Constitution; however, the Presidents have used it as rhetorical, interpretive and constitutional tools, due to the lack of clear reference in the Constitution about the impossibility of applying it.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Signing Statement

to Veto Laws

President

the Constitution

the United States of America

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