The Possibilities of Agreeing on Higher or Lower Degree of Liability for  the Carrier

Jabbari, Mansoor; Azizi, Ebrahim

The Possibilities of Agreeing on Higher or Lower Degree of Liability for the Carrier

Document Type : Scientific Paper

Authors

Mansoor Jabbari ¹

Ebrahim Azizi ²

¹ Associate Professor of Law, Allameh Tabatabai University

² Legal member of the Guardian Council

Abstract

The Warsaw Convention, its Protocols and the Montreal Convention place a ceiling on the carrier's liability in all suits covered by these conventions. According to them, the parties can conclude special agreements but any clause contained in the contract and all special agreements entered into before the damage occurred by which the parties purport to infringe the rules laid down by these conventions shall be null and void.
Can the carrier and the passenger or consignor agree to a higher limit of liability or tend to relieve the carrier of liability or fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in these Conventions? This Article determines which clauses in the Conventions govern the carrier's liability and it also studies the possibilities of agreeing on higher, lower or relieving the carrier from liability.the parties purport to infringe the rules laid down by these conventions shall be null and void.

Keywords

Warsaw Convention

Hague Protocol

Montreal Convention

Liability of Air Carrier

Limited Liability

Unlimited Liability

منابع

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3- Bin Cheng, What is wrong the 1975 Montreal Additional Protocol No. 3? Air Law, Vol. XIV, No. 6 , 1989.

4- Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, Montreal, 28 May 1999.

5- U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, Warren vs. the Flying Tiger Line Inc., 21 September 1964: 9 Avi. 17.621 (17.626).

6- Mankiewicz, R.H., the Liability Regime of the International Air Carrier, (London; Kluwer Law and Taxation publishers, 1981).

7- MDSI Mobile Data Solutions Inc. v. Federal Express, 2003 BCCA 9, affirming 2001 BCSC 1411, cited in: < http: // www. Admirattylaw.Com> dated: January 2005.

8- Milde, M. Liability in International Carriage by Air: The New Montreal Convention, Annals of Air and Space Law, 1999, Vol. XXIV.

9- Goldhirsch, the Warsaw Convention Annotated, a Legal Handboolk, London, Martinus Nijhoff, 1988.

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