نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار دپارتمان حقوق، دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران.
2 دکتری حقوق بین الملل عمومی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قم، قم، ایران.
چکیده
سازوکار کنونی حاکم بر حلوفصل اختلافات دولت- سرمایهگذار مبتنی بر داوری سرمایهگذاری بینالمللی اعم از داوری موردی و یا نهادی است. رژیم کنونی این سازوکار به علت نقصانهای ناشی از صدور احکام متعارض و متضاد، به چالش کشیدن دولتها از منظر مسئولیت بینالمللی، آسیب به برخی از اصول بنیادین حقوق بینالملل سرمایهگذاری، هزینههای بالا، اطاله رسیدگی، عدم تخصص کافی داوران در حوزههای سرمایهگذاری، معاهدهیابی توسط سرمایهگذاران و اتخاذ رویکردهای متناقض دیوانهای داوری در این باره، فقدان رویه در داوریها و نبودن استیناف با چالشهای عمدهای مواجه شده است. این باور وجود دارد که تاسیس یک دیوان دائمی سرمایهگذاری بینالمللی برای رسیدگی به دعاوی دولتها- سرمایهگذاران بینالمللی، با الگوبرداری از سازوکار منحصربهفرد چندجانبه حل اختلافات سازمانتجارت جهانی، کارآمدتر و مؤثرتر از سازوکار کنونی داوری بینالمللی سرمایهگذاری عمل خواهد کرد و از کاستیهای یادشده خواهد کاست و گامی نیز در تقویت نظام حلوفصل اختلافات دولت- سرمایهگذار بر خواهد داشت.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Reform in the Structure of the Investor- State Dispute Settlement and Feasibility Study on the Establishment of the International Investment Permanent Court
نویسندگان [English]
- Seyed Mostafa Mir Mohammadi 1
- Mehran Khamisizadeh 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Law, Mofid University, Qom, Iran.
2 Ph.D. in Public International Law, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The Current Mechanism of the Investor- State Dispute Settlement is based on Institutional and Ad, hoc International investment Arbitration. The Current Regime of this mechanism has faced with some deficiencies including: Issuance of the inconsistent Awards, Challenging the Governments from international liabilities point of view, Damaging on some fundamental principles of investment international law, High costs, lack of expertise of arbitrators in investment fields, different approaches of the Arbitration courts on Treaty Shopping, Lack of precedent, lack of appeal mechanism and etc. it believes that establishment of an International Investment permanent court with aspiration of the unique Multilateral dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization (WTO) can act as more Consistent, Efficient and Effective in settlement of the disputes of investors- States, in comparative of the current system of the international investment arbitration. Moreover, this new system can reduce the afor-said deficiencies and in particular can take step on strengthening the investor- State Dispute Settlement.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Investor-State Dispute Settlement
- Investment Arbitration
- International Investment Permanent Court
- Inconsistence Awards
- Investment International Law
- World Trade Organization
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